İstanbul'da önemli tarihi eserlerdeki taş malzemenin mikrobiyolojik bozunması

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Thesis Type: Postgraduate

Institution Of The Thesis: Yıldız Technical University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, ÇEVRE MÜHENDİSLİĞİ ANABİLİM DALI, Turkey

Approval Date: 2017

Thesis Language: Turkish

Student: AYSUN ÖZDEMİR

Supervisor: Yaşar Nuhoğlu

Open Archive Collection: AVESIS Open Access Collection

Abstract:

In this study; microorganisms that play a role on the bio-deterioration of historical stone materials were characterized and their contribution to the microbial degradation was determined around Yıldız Campus in Yıldız Technical University. The microorganisms on the stone surface were determined by microscopic investigation, classic cultural method, microbial characterization based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyzes. The results from this study indicated that most of the microbial communities were the group member of algae, fungi, cyanobacteria and bacterial species. Moreover, the numbers of CFU were calculated as colony forming unit per gram of sample. The mineralogical components of the historical stones was analyzed by XRF, while the presence of microorganism on the stone surface and pores were morphologically characterized by SEM. Further, the morphological characteristics of microbes were carried out by using the microscopic observation. The 23 species of bacterium/cyanobacteria were detected by the molecular techniques based on PCR and DGGE, in addition 17 species plus 9 genus of fungi and 4 species plus 2 genus of bacteria were cultivated by basic bacterial cultivation methods. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for community of microorganism living on stone surfaces via 16S ribosomal RNA (or 16S rRNA) gene sequencing results. The current work showed that microorganisms play an important role in the deterioration of stone due to producing several acids, pigments and metabolites besides the physical and mechanical degradation occurring on the surface of stone materials in historical monuments. Therefore, it is concluded that the restoration efforts by the "T.R. Prime Ministry Directorate General of Foundations" has a vital role in order to prevent the deterioration of historical monuments and survive historic buildings.