Signal-magnified electrocatalytic determination of dopamine, uric acid, and nicotine in biological fluids using a brilliant black bn-based polymer platform
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol.1018, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Volume: 1018
- Publication Date: 2026
- Doi Number: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2026.120439
- Journal Name: Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC
- Keywords: Brilliant black bn, Dopamine, Electrocatalytic sensing, Nicotine, Pencil graphite, Uric acid
- Yıldız Technical University Affiliated: No
Abstract
Non-invasive detection of biologically important compounds is essential for understanding physiological status and monitoring disease-related biochemical changes. In the present study, a low-cost pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was electropolymerized with Brilliant Black BN polymer film (pBBN) to develop a robust sensing platform capable of determining dopamine, uric acid, and nicotine under both individual and paired conditions. Comprehensive characterization using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) confirmed the successful formation of an electroactive polymer film. The modified electrode exhibited substantial electrocatalytic enhancement compared to the bare PGE, improving peak heights by 239% for dopamine, 1133% for uric acid, and 182% for nicotine, and enabling detection at concentrations as low as, calculated as 75 nM, 30 nM, and 91 nM, respectively. Importantly, the method was successfully applied to non-invasive human samples, in which dopamine and uric acid were quantified in urine using the standard addition method, and uric acid and nicotine were quantified in saliva using the external calibration method, with remarkable recovery values.