Industry and Higher Education, 2025 (ESCI, Scopus)
Marx formulated the concept of polytechnics as combining teaching with material production. With Marx’s contributions, materialist dialectics was included in Polytechnic Schools of Education as a scientific method. Polytechnic education has been the source of exemplary practices not only in socialist countries but also in capitalist and developing countries. An example is the schools established 1940 in Türkiye under Village Institutes for Teacher Training. The teacher training system of these institutions is similar to the system applied in polytechnic schools. At this point, the polytechnic education faculties model presents an example of applying the polytechnic education approach to teacher education.