Quantifying the impact of controllable EV charging and participation levels on multi-year transmission expansion planning
Electric Power Systems Research, cilt.264, 2027 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 264
- Basım Tarihi: 2027
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.113881
- Dergi Adı: Electric Power Systems Research
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, Environment Index, INSPEC, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Controlled charging, Demand response, Electric vehicles, Participation levels, Transmission expansion planning
- Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Rapid electric vehicle (EV) adoption introduces long-term charging demand with high temporal variability and spatial concentration, posing critical challenges for transmission expansion planning (TEP). This study presents a multi-year TEP framework that examines the evolution of grid reinforcement from 2030 to 2053 under varying levels of EV charging controllability, benchmarking uncontrolled charging against partially and fully controllable regimes within a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. Partial participation is captured by a controllability parameter (α), and charging flexibility is represented through envelope-based energy and power bounds that preserve user feasibility and comfort. Long-term demand trajectories are aligned with Türkiye's national projections, while daily profiles are calibrated using empirical transaction-level data to reflect realistic charging behavior. Studies on the IEEE 24-Node Reliability Test System showed that uncontrolled charging expanded the reinforcement footprint and advanced commissioning decisions, whereas controlled charging deferred major additions and reduced investment requirements. In the high EV penetration case, full controllability reduced total investment costs by approximately 38.5% and achieved a peak reduction of 417.56 MW at the horizon endpoint. The results further indicated that intermediate participation levels already delivered meaningful investment deferral and cost savings, supporting the need to explicitly account for both EV demand growth and expected charging controllability in long-term TEP studies.