Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Sunum, ss.603-611, 2025
The construction of maritime structures such as ports, marinas and shipyards lead to land acquisition and habitat destruction. In these regions, both coastal arrangements for the docking, waiting and departure of sea vessels and activities carried out for the construction of maritime structures affect the environment. During the construction and operation of maritime structures and maritime activities, significant environmental impacts deteriorating air, water and soil occur. Maintenance and repair works carried out for sea vessels in shipyards and vessels staying in the ports for long periods pollute the air and water. In this study, which consists of three main sections, the environmental impacts of maritime structures, marine transportation activities in Turkey and the legal regulations implemented to reduce the environmental impacts of maritime transport were examined. In the first part of the study, (1) pollution occurring during the construction of maritime structures, (2) pollution occurring during the production, maintenance and repair process of sea vessels, (3) pollution caused by port and marina operations, (4) pollution originating from marine vehicles used for passenger transportation and cargo operations were explained. In the second part of the study, the number of Turkish and foreign flagged vessels calling at ports in Turkey and the amount of cargo handling, which is one of the maritime activities carried out at ports, were examined for the 6-year period between 2018 and 2023. The cargo handling amounts and the number of vessels calling at the ports of Aliağa, Kocaeli, İskenderun, İstanbul, İzmir, Tekirdağ, Mersin, Tuzla, Ambarlı and Samsun, which are used intensively in Turkey, were compared for the period between 2018 and 2023. The amount of cargo handled in all ports in Turkey between 2020 and 2023 was evaluated on the basis of various cargo groups such as agricultural products, solid mineral fuels and petroleum products. In the last part of the study, the legal regulations implemented to limit the environmental impacts arising from maritime structures and marine transportation and to continue maritime activities in a sustainable manner were included.