Adsorption-Based Interpretation of QCM Responses for Divalent Metal Ion Sensing by MoS₂ Nanoflowers
Journal of Cluster Science, cilt.37, sa.6, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 37 Sayı: 6
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s10876-026-03105-z
- Dergi Adı: Journal of Cluster Science
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Aerospace Database, Chemical Abstracts Core, DIALNET, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Kinetics, Divalent Metal Ions, MoS₂ Nano Flowers, Quartz Crystal Microbalance, Surface Interactions
- Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
In this study, three-dimensional MoS₂ nanoflowers were synthesized and employed as the active sensing layer of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) platform for the detection of Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Co²⁺ ions in aqueous media. The structural, morphological, chemical, and surface properties of the synthesized MoS₂ nanoflowers were characterized XRD, FESEM, FTIR, XPS, and BET analyses. XPS analysis further revealed the predominance of Mo⁴⁺ and S²⁻ species, supporting MoS₂ as the dominant surface chemical phase. The QCM sensor exhibited clear concentration-dependent frequency responses toward all investigated ions. The sensitivity followed the order Ni²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Co²⁺, whereas the calculated limit of detection (LoD) followed the order Co²⁺ < Cu²⁺ < Mg²⁺ < Ni²⁺, demonstrating that sensitivity and LoD are not necessarily inversely correlated. Adsorption kinetic analysis showed that the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model provided the best fit for all investigated ions (R² ≈ 0.999), indicating the important role of surface interactions in the adsorption process. Equilibrium adsorption was further evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models, with the Freundlich model providing a good description of the adsorption behavior and supporting the heterogeneous nature of the active sites on the MoS₂ surface. The distinctive contribution of this study is the integration of real-time QCM sensing with adsorption kinetic and equilibrium isotherm analyses, enabling the measured frequency responses to be interpreted in relation to the underlying ion–surface adsorption processes. In this context, this combined approach provides mechanistic insight into the relationship between dynamic sensing performance and adsorption behavior and demonstrates the potential of MoS₂ nanoflowers for divalent metal-ion sensing.