Suggestions and Comparisons of Two Algorithms for the Simplification of Bluetooth Sensor Data in Traffic Cordons

Özlü B., YARDIM M. S.

Sensors, cilt.24, sa.13, 2024 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
  • Cilt numarası: 24 Sayı: 13
  • Basım Tarihi: 2024
  • Doi Numarası: 10.3390/s24134375
  • Dergi Adı: Sensors
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aerospace Database, Aqualine, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), Biotechnology Research Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, INSPEC, MEDLINE, Metadex, Veterinary Science Database, Directory of Open Access Journals, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Bluetooth sensor, Istanbul historical peninsula, ITS, Jaccard similarity coefficient, rule-based modeling, time series analysis
  • Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Bluetooth sensors in intelligent transportation systems possess extensive coverage and access to a large number of identity (ID) data, but they cannot distinguish between vehicles and persons. This study aims to classify and differentiate raw data collected from Bluetooth sensors positioned between various origin–destination (i–j) points into vehicles and persons and to determine their distribution ratios. To reduce data noise, two different filtering algorithms are proposed. The first algorithm employs time series simplification based on Simple Moving Average (SMA) and threshold models, which are tools of statistical analysis. The second algorithm is rule-based, using speed data of Bluetooth devices derived from sensor data to provide a simplification algorithm. The study area was the Historic Peninsula Traffic Cord Region of Istanbul, utilizing data from 39 sensors in the region. As a result of time-based filtering, the ratio of person ID addresses for Bluetooth devices participating in circulation in the region was found to be 65.57% (397,799 person IDs), while the ratio of vehicle ID addresses was 34.43% (208,941 vehicle IDs). In contrast, the rule-based algorithm based on speed data found that the ratio of vehicle ID addresses was 35.82% (389,392 vehicle IDs), while the ratio of person ID addresses was 64.17% (217,348 person IDs). The Jaccard similarity coefficient was utilized to identify similarities in the data obtained from the applied filtering approaches, yielding a coefficient (J) of 0.628. The identity addresses of the vehicles common throughout the two date sets which are obtained represent the sampling size for traffic measurements.