Investigation of the Effect of Using Plug-In Hybrid Drive Systems in Tractors on Performance and Emissions

BALCI Ö., KARAGÖZ Y., SANDALCI T., Teksan E.

International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Publication Date: 2026
  • Doi Number: 10.1007/s12239-026-00470-6
  • Journal Name: International Journal of Automotive Technology
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, ABI/INFORM, Compendex, INSPEC
  • Keywords: Mouldboard plough, NOx, Plug-in hybrid, Smoke, THC
  • Yıldız Technical University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

In this study, a single-cylinder diesel engine was first converted to a hybrid system (electric motor and diesel engine). Experimental testing measured BSFC, CO, HC, CO2, NOx, SO2, and Smoke emissions. The P0 plug-in hybrid tractor model was developed from the obtained experimental data. Field tests of the tractor were conducted to test the tractor plowing the field. Subsequently, a Matlab-Simulink vehicle model was developed based on the electrical energy consumed by the plug-in hybrid tractor during the cruise cycle, taking into account emissions data from power plants. An ECMS-based energy management strategy was developed, and tests conducted in the Matlab-Simulink environment revealed 6.1% and 35.8% reduction in fuel consumption and NOx emissions, respectively, over the cycle.