Ti3C2Tx MXene/CeO2-Integrated Graphite Conductive Ink Based Flexible Electrode for Norepinephrine Detection
Journal of the Electrochemical Society, cilt.173, sa.16, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 173 Sayı: 16
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1149/1945-7111/ae9649
- Dergi Adı: Journal of the Electrochemical Society
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Applied Science & Technology Source, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC, Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
The development of conductive and sustainable materials with high electrochemical performance remains an important goal for next-generation sensing platforms. In this study, a flexible electrochemical sensor was fabricated on a low-cost cellulose-based paper substrate using an MXene/cerium oxide/graphite (MXene/CeO2/G) composite conductive ink. The conductive ink was formulated by dispersing MXene, CeO2, and graphite as individual components within the same matrix, forming a composite structure. This combination improved both the electrical conductivity and the electrocatalytic activity toward norepinephrine (NE) oxidation. The electrochemical behavior of the MXene/CeO2/G screen-printed electrode (SPE) was investigated, and the oxidation process was found to be diffusion and adsorption-controlled. The electroactive surface area of the electrodes was also determined, indicating an increased number of active sites. The effect of pH was examined, and the highest current response was obtained at pH 6.4. Under optimized conditions, the sensor exhibited a detection limit (LOD) of 77.29 nM and a linear range of 0.25–25 µM using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The sensor showed good selectivity in the presence of common interfering species. Recovery values ranged between 95.1% and 107.0%, with low relative standard deviation (RSD), confirming the reliability of the method. The applicability of the sensor was demonstrated in artificial urine samples. These results demonstrate that MXene/CeO2/G-based conductive inks provide a promising approach for the development of flexible and cost-effective electrochemical sensors.