Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
4 thInternational Congress of Engineering and Natural Sciences Studies (ICENSS-2024), Ankara, Türkiye, 24 - 25 Mayıs 2024, ss.131
Considering the environmental impacts and health risks of traditional chemical dyes, natural dyes are
seen as an eco-friendly and human health-friendly alternative in the paper industry. This study explores
the usability of natural dyes extracted from cocoa bean shells, a significant by-product, in paper
production. Various solvents and extraction methods were employed, and the resulting colored solutions
were applied to paper sheets to observe color changes. Different chemical additives were tested to
improve the binding of dye substances to cellulose, and their effects on color retention were evaluated.
Color measurements on the paper were conducted using the L&W Autoline 400 device, following the
Tappi T 527–om 19 method. The measurements provided L*, a*, and b* values, indicating color
lightness, red-green, and blue-yellow color changes, respectively. The Δ value, calculated from these
parameters, measures the perceived difference between two colors, with higher Δ values indicating
more distinct differences.
The most suitable extraction method for obtaining natural dye from cocoa bean shells was found to be
water soxhlet extraction. The extracted dye was applied to the paper along with various chemicals such
as epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine copolymer, polyvinyl amine, polyaluminum chloride, glyoxal and
cationic polyacrylamide. Increasing the amount of natural dye, irrespective of the chemical type, led to
higher Δ values. Except for glyoxal, increasing the amount of other chemicals also raised the Δ value.
The highest Δ value of 37.37 was achieved using 61.75 g/L natural dye with 1.5% cationic
polyacrylamide.
This preliminary study demonstrates the potential of natural dyes from cocoa bean shells as a sustainable
alternative in the paper industry and aims to inform future research in this field.