Osmanli Medeniyeti Arastirmalari Dergisi, cilt.2025, sa.27, ss.482-487, 2025 (Scopus, TRDizin)
Enver Beşinci's book, İcâzetli Hekim Diplomalı Doktor, stands at the intersection of medical history and the history of education. Beşinci offers an interpretation of cul-tural and identity history, arguing that, with the advent of modern medical education in the nineteenth century, newly trained doctors were awarded certificates rather than diplomas, as was the case in the West. The discussions surrounding physician-doctor and diploma-certificate appear to contribute to the history of education, med-icine, and culture.