Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, cilt.197, sa.6, 2025 (SCI-Expanded)
This study presents the utilization of Fe3O4-doped black tea waste (TW) as an efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective adsorbent for the extraction of MB dye from wastewater, alongside the formulation of composite microbeads created by incorporating varying ratios of the black tea-magnetite mixture into sodium alginate (SA), a natural biopolymer. The characterization of composite microbeads was performed using FTIR-ATR, SEM, EDX, and pHpzc analyses. The surface charge of the adsorbent surface was determined as 6.43 from pHpzc. From the optimum condition studies, the contact time (60 min), adsorbent dosage (0.1 g/50 mL), and the initial pH (≅ 7) were determined. The raw data were utilized in various non-linear isotherm and kinetic models. The correlation coefficients and error functions indicated that the Langmuir model is the most suitable isotherm model for the adsorption process, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 41.28 mg g−1 for the SA/TW/Fe3O4/30 composite microspheres at 298 K. The kinetic and error results indicated that the process adhered to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic characteristics indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous (ΔGo=-25.09 kJ mol−1) and endothermic (ΔHo=+9.03 kJ mol−1). Moreover, reusability investigations indicated that the composite microbeads can be utilized multiple times. Following the tenth cycle, the adsorption efficiency fell by 32.33%, resulting in a value of 51.23%. The findings indicate that the developed unique, sustainable, and cost-effective composite microbeads serve as a prospective and highly efficient adsorbent for the elimination of cationic contaminants from wastewater.