Carbon composite thermoplastic electrodes integrated with mini-printed circuit board for wireless detection of calcium ions

ÖZER T.

ANALYTICAL SCIENCES, vol.38, no.9, pp.1233-1243, 2022 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 38 Issue: 9
  • Publication Date: 2022
  • Doi Number: 10.1007/s44211-022-00164-w
  • Journal Name: ANALYTICAL SCIENCES
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Aqualine, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), Biotechnology Research Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Metadex
  • Page Numbers: pp.1233-1243
  • Keywords: Ion-selective electrode, Point-of-care, Calcium, Wireless detection, Nanomaterial, 3D printing, SELECTIVE ELECTRODES, MAGNESIUM, MEMBRANE, SENSORS
  • Yıldız Technical University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Here, a smartphone-based portable sensing system is developed for real-time detection of Ca2+ ions in a variety of biofluids. A solid-contact calcium-selective electrode (Ca2+-ISE) consisting of an ion-selective membrane (ISM), carbon black nanomaterial and polystyrene-graphite nanoplatelets as a solid contact was fabricated. The polyvinylchloride (PVC)-based ISM was optimized using different plasticizers and ion-exchangers. Under optimized conditions, the solid contacts were electrochemically characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), chronopotentiometric and potentiometric measurements. The Ca2+-ISE showed a Nernst response with a slope of 31.2 +/- 0.6 mV/decade in the concentration range from 0.1 M to 10(-4) M Ca2+ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 x 10(-5) M. In addition, the ISEs exhibited good selectivity to Ca2+ ions over various interfering electrolytes and metabolites. The Ca2+-ISEs were applied in human urine and, artificial serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples. The ISEs showed good recoveries between 90 and 105%, indicating potential applicability of these electrodes in biological fluids. The portable lab-made potentiometer provides wireless data signaling and transmission to a smartphone and final Ca2+ concentration display due to its customized software. Therefore, the developed smartphone-based sensing platform offers low cost (< $25), rapid, user-friendly detection of Ca2+ especially in resource-limited areas.