Creation of quark-gluon plasma droplets with three distinct geometries

Aidala, C.; Akiba, Y.; Alfred, M.; Andrieux, V; Aoki, K.; Apadula, N.; Asano, H.; Ayuso, C.; Azmoun, B.; Babintsev, V; Bagoly, A.; Bandara, N.; Barish, K.; Bathe, S.; Bazilevsky, A.; Beaumier, M.; Belmont, R.; Berdnikov, A.; Berdnikov, Y.; Blau, D.; Boer, M.; Bok, J.; Brooks, M.; Bryslawskyj, J.; Bumazhnov, V; Butler, C.; Campbell, S.; Roman, V.; Cervantes, R.; Chi, C.; Chiu, M.; Choi, I.; Choi, J.; Citron, Z.; Connors, M.; Cronin, N.; Csanad, M.; Csorgo, T.; Danley, T.; Daugherity, M.; David, G.; DeBlasio, K.; Dehmelt, K.; Denisov, A.; Deshpande, A.; Desmond, E.; Dion, A.; Dixit, D.; Liu, L.; Do, J.; Drees, A.; Drees, K.; Dumancic, M.; Durham, J.; Durum, A.; Elder, T.; Enokizono, A.; En'yo, H.; Esumi, S.; Fadem, B.; Fan, W.; Feege, N.; Fields, D.; Finger, M.; Fokin, S.; Frantz, J.; Franz, A.; Frawley, A.; Fukuda, Y.; Gal, C.; Gallus, P.; Garg, P.; Ge, H.; Giordano, F.; Goto, Y.; Grau, N.; Greene, S.; Perdekamp, M.; Gunji, T.; Guragain, H.; Hachiya, T.; Haggerty, J.; Hahn, K.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamilton, H.; Han, S.; Hanks, J.; Hasegawa, S.; Haseler, T.; He, X.; Hemmick, T.; Hill, J.; Hill, K.; Hodges, A.; Hollis, R.; Homma, K.; Hong, B.; Hoshino, T.; Hotvedt, N.; Huang, J.; Huang, S.; Imai, K.; Imrek, J.; Inaba, M.; Iordanova, A.; Isenhower, D.; Ito, Y.; Ivanishchev, D.; Jacak, B.; Jezghani, M.; Ji, Z.; Jiang, X.; Johnson, B.; Jorjadze, V; Jouan, D.; Jumper, D.; Kang, J.; Kapukchyan, D.; Karthas, S.; Kawall, D.; Kazantsev, A.; Khachatryan, V; Khanzadeev, A.; Kim, C.; Kim, D.; Kim, E-J; Kim, M.; Kim, M.; Kincses, D.; Kistenev, E.; Klatsky, J.; Kline, P.; Koblesky, T.; Kotov, D.; Kudo, S.; Kurgyis, B.; Kurita, K.; Kwon, Y.; Lajoie, J.; Lallow, E.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, S.; Lee, S.; Leitch, M.; Leung, Y.; Lewis, N.; Li, X.; Lim, S.; Liu, M.; Loggins, V-R; Lokos, S.; Lovasz, K.; Lynch, D.; Majoros, T.; Makdisi, Y.; Makek, M.; Malaev, M.; Manko, V.; Mannel, E.; Masuda, H.; McCumber, M.; McGaughey, P.; McGlinchey, D.; McKinney, C.; Mendoza, M.; Mignerey, A.; Mihalik, D.; Milov, A.; Mishra, D.; Mitchell, J.; Mitsuka, G.; Miyasaka, S.; Mizuno, S.; Montuenga, P.; Moon, T.; Morrison, D.; Morrow, S.; Murakami, T.; Murata, J.; Nagai, K.; Nagashima, K.; Nagashima, T.; Nagle, J.; Nagy, M.; Nakagawa, I; Nakagomi, H.; Nakano, K.; Nattrass, C.; Niida, T.; Nouicer, R.; Novak, T.; Novitzky, N.; Novotny, R.; Nyanin, A.; O'Brien, E.; Ogilvie, C.; Koop, J.; Osborn, J.; Oskarsson, A.; Ottino, G.; Ozawa, K.; Pantuev, V; Papavassiliou, V; Park, J.; Park, S.; Pate, S.; Patel, M.; Peng, W.; Perepelitsa, D.; Perera, G.; Peressounko, D.; PerezLara, C.; Perry, J.; Petti, R.; Phipps, M.; Pinkenburg, C.; Pisani, R.; Pun, A.; Purschke, M.; Radzevich, P.; Read, K.; Reynolds, D.; Riabov, V; Riabov, Y.; Richford, D.; Rinn, T.; Rolnick, S.; Rosati, M.; Rowan, Z.; Runchey, J.; Safonov, A.; Sakaguchi, T.; Sako, H.; Samsonov, V; Sarsour, M.; Sato, K.; Sato, S.; Schaefer, B.; Schmoll, B.; Sedgwick, K.; Seidl, R.; Sen, A.; Seto, R.; Sexton, A.; Sharma, D.; Shein, I; Shibata, T-A; Shigaki, K.; Shimomura, M.; Shioya, T.; Shukla, P.; Sickles, A.; Silva, C.; Silvermyr, D.; Singh, B.; Singh, C.; Singh, V; Skoby, M.; Slunecka, M.; Smith, K.; Snowball, M.; Soltz, R.; Sondheim, W.; Sorensen, S.; Sourikova, I.; Stankus, P.; Stoll, S.; Sugitate, T.; Sukhanov, A.; Sumita, T.; Sun, J.; Sun, Z.; Syed, S.; Sziklai, J.; Takeda, A.; Tanida, K.; Tannenbaum, M.; Tarafdar, S.; Taranenko, A.; Tarnai, G.; Tieulent, R.; Timilsina, A.; Todoroki, T.; Tomasek, M.; Towell, C.; Towell, R.; Tserruya, I; Ueda, Y.; Ujvari, B.; van Hecke, H.; Vazquez-Carson, S.; Velkovska, J.; Virius, M.; Vrba, V.; Vukman, N.; Wang, X.; Wang, Z.; Watanabe, Y.; Watanabe, Y.; Wong, C.; Woody, C.; Xu, C.; Xu, Q.; Xue, L.; Yalcin, Serpil; Yamaguchi, Y.; Yamamoto, H.; Yanovich, A.; Yin, P.; Yoo, J.; Yoon, I; Yu, H.; Yushmanov, I.; Zajc, W.; Zelenski, A.; Zharko, S.; Zou, L.

doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0360-0

Creation of quark-gluon plasma droplets with three distinct geometries

Aidala C., Akiba Y., Alfred M., Andrieux V., Aoki K., Apadula N., ...Daha Fazla

NATURE PHYSICS, cilt.15, sa.3, ss.214-222, 2019 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)

Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
Cilt numarası: 15 Sayı: 3
Basım Tarihi: 2019
Doi Numarası: 10.1038/s41567-018-0360-0
Dergi Adı: NATURE PHYSICS
Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
Sayfa Sayıları: ss.214-222
Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Hayır

Özet

Experimental studies of the collisions of heavy nuclei at relativistic energies have established the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of hot, dense nuclear matter in which quarks and gluons are not bound into hadrons(1-4). In this state, matter behaves as a nearly inviscid fluid(5) that efficiently translates initial spatial anisotropies into correlated momentum anisotropies among the particles produced, creating a common velocity field pattern known as collective flow. In recent years, comparable momentum anisotropies have been measured in small-system proton-proton (p+p) and proton-nucleus (p+A) collisions, despite expectations that the volume and lifetime of the medium produced would be too small to form a QGP. Here we report on the observation of elliptic and triangular flow patterns of charged particles produced in proton-gold (p+Au), deuteron-gold (d+Au) and helium-gold (He-3+Au) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy root s(NN) = 200 GeV. The unique combination of three distinct initial geometries and two flow patterns provides unprecedented model discrimination. Hydrodynamical models, which include the formation of a short-lived QGP droplet, provide the best simultaneous description of these measurements.