Optimal planning of solar PV-based electric vehicle charging stations empowered by energy storage system: Feasibility and green charge potential

Ozturk Z., Demirci A., Terkeş M., Yumurtaci R.

RENEWABLE ENERGY, cilt.255, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 255
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123715
  • Dergi Adı: RENEWABLE ENERGY
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, Environment Index, Geobase, Greenfile, Index Islamicus, INSPEC, Public Affairs Index
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Charging station, Electric vehicle, Energy storage, Optimization, Photovoltaic, Solar energy
  • Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

The rapid growth of electric vehicle (EV) adoption and declining photovoltaic (PV) costs have accelerated global efforts to integrate renewables into EV charging infrastructure. In emerging economies like T & uuml;rkiye, these developments pose both opportunities and challenges due to limited PV installation areas, variable charging demand, and the capital-intensive nature of energy storage systems (ESS). This study presents a techno-economic and environmental optimization of hybrid solar-powered EV charging stations (EVCS) across 12 climatically diverse Turkish cities. Results show that with flexible PV sizing and moderate demand, grid dependency can be reduced by up to 66.7%, while the renewable fraction (RF) can reach 89%. In high-irradiance regions (>4.5 kWh/m(2)/day), ESS becomes economically viable below $150/kWh, achieving discount payback periods under 10 years. Conversely, in areas with limited space and high demand, RF may drop to 16%, increasing grid reliance and CO2 emissions. Cities like & Idot;zmir and Gaziantep demonstrate 23% lower energy costs than less favorable locations like Trabzon, emphasizing climate impacts. The study offers a replicable framework for planning efficient, low-carbon EVCS tailored to regional conditions, supporting policymakers, utilities, and investors in advancing T & uuml;rkiye's energy transition and decarbonization strategies.