Retrovirus translation initiation: Issues and hypotheses derived from study of HIV-1


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Yilmaz A., BOLINGER C., BORIS-LAWRIE K.

CURRENT HIV RESEARCH, cilt.4, sa.2, ss.131-139, 2006 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 4 Sayı: 2
  • Basım Tarihi: 2006
  • Doi Numarası: 10.2174/157016206776055039
  • Dergi Adı: CURRENT HIV RESEARCH
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.131-139
  • Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Hayır

Özet

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has a small, multifunctional genome that encodes a relatively large and complex proteome. The virus has adopted specialized post-transcriptional control mechanisms to maximize its coding capacity while economically maintaining the information stored in cis-acting replication sequences. The conserved features of the 5' untranslated region of all viral transcripts suggest they are poor substrates for cap-dependent ribosome scanning and provide a compelling rationale for internal initiation of translation. This article summarizes key experimental results of studies that have evaluated HIV-1 translation initiation. A model is discussed in which cap. dependent and cap-independent initiation mechanisms of HIV-1 co-exist to ensure viral protein production in the context of 1) structured replication motifs that inhibit ribosome scanning, and 2) alterations in host translation machinery in response to HIV-1 infection or other cellular stresses. We discuss key issues that remain to be understood and suggest parameters to validate internal initiation activity in HIV-1 and other retroviruses.