Degradation of diclofenac from aqueous solution by electro-oxidation using different anode materials
Environmental Technology (United Kingdom), cilt.47, sa.16, ss.2512-2522, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 47 Sayı: 16
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1080/09593330.2026.2681141
- Dergi Adı: Environmental Technology (United Kingdom)
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Compendex, EMBASE, Environment Index, Geobase, Greenfile, INSPEC, MEDLINE, Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.2512-2522
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Anode materials, Diclofenac, Electro-oxidation, Energy consumption
- Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Diclofenac (DCF) is a frequently detected pharmaceutical pollutant in wastewater and poses ecological risks due to its persistence during conventional treatment. This study investigates the electro-oxidation (EO) of DCF using three commercially available anode materials (Ti/IrO2, Pt/Ti, and mixed metal oxide (MMO)) under varying operational conditions to identify an optimal balance between oxidation capacity and energy efficiency. The effects of current density (2–20 mA/cm2), initial pH (3.5–9), and initial DCF concentration (5–40 mg/L) on degradation performance, kinetics, and specific energy consumption (SEC) were evaluated. Among the tested anodes, Pt/Ti showed the highest overall performance, achieving 71.2% DCF removal under the optimum conditions (10 mA/cm2, pH 7, and initial DCF concentration 10 mg/L). Under these conditions, the SEC was calculated as 19.7 kWh/g DCF (140 kWh/m3), indicating an effective balance between degradation efficiency and energy consumption. Kinetic analysis revealed that while increasing current density significantly enhanced degradation rates, it also led to a rise in energy demand. The initial DCF concentration was found to have a relatively minor effect on degradation kinetics. The Pt/Ti anode demonstrated a stable performance across a wide pH range, with neutral pH providing slightly more favorable conditions. The overall results indicate that Pt/Ti anodes can provide stable electrochemical performance with moderate energy consumption and represent a feasible electrode option for DCF removal in EO-based treatment systems.