Natural Hazards, vol.104, no.1, pp.1079-1110, 2020 (SCI-Expanded)
Consequences of urban foods increased and diversifed in terms of social, economical
and environmental efects, due to the dense and unplanned urbanization in areas at risk of
fooding. Reducing the potential damage of food is one of the most efective and sustainable reduction strategies of food risks through adopting adequate urban food risk mitigation measures (UFRM). The main objective of this study is to ascertain urban foods and
develop a model identifying UFRM in accordance with their importance in reducing the
efects of foods by employing the concept of multi-agent systems. Social, economical and
environmental-based agents were modelled in the agent environment to consider the three
dimensions of sustainability in the proposed model. Thirteen negotiation strategies were
developed for the agents to negotiate with each other. An illustrative case study was then
performed to test the proposed model features, and the results were thoroughly analysed.
Sensitivity analysis was conducted to specify the most sensitive strategies over the changing fuzziness level of agents. It was observed that the best strategy difers with respect to
short-, medium- and long-term gains signifcantly, which, in turn, lead to alterations in the
list of UFRM. This could provide diferent risk mitigation plans for diferent regions with
their changing resources. In summary, this study provides an innovative multi-agent-based
model that can be performed to specify the most urgent UFRM which can be used by disaster coordination and management authorities as a decision-making input.