Bayar F., İlhan H.
Digital Twins and Applications , cilt.2, sa.1, ss.1-15, 2025 (Hakemli Dergi)
Özet
ABSTRACTIntelligent transportation systems (ITS) that utilise radio communication between vehicles and road infrastructure are expected to be released to improve road safety, reduce fuel consumption, avoid road accidents, save time and offer greater driving comfort. Such communication requires low latency and spectral efficiency, which has led to new research on index modulation techniques such as spatial modulation (SM) and quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) in wireless communication. This paper investigates the error performance of the QSM system over Weibull fading channels. The pair‐wise error probability (PEP) is used to obtain an upper‐bound closed‐form expression for the average bit error rate (ABER) performance of the QSM‐Weibull fading system. Additionally, an asymptotic expression for the ABER performance of the proposed system at high signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) has been derived. The diversity gain of the system is directly related to the number of receiver antennas . The impact of imperfect channel state information at the receiver on the error performance is also considered. Monte Carlo simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of the analytical results under various system parameters and highlight the significant influence of the phase of Weibull fading channels on QSM‐MIMO systems.