Experimental Evaluation of Phase Change Materials on the Cooling Performance of Cylindrical Battery Modules
Batteries, cilt.12, sa.9, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 12 Sayı: 9
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.3390/batteries12090333
- Dergi Adı: Batteries
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Aerospace Database, Applied Science & Technology Source, Compendex, INSPEC, Directory of Open Access Journals, Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: battery cooling, CO2 saving potential, economic analysis, PCM, performance test
- Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study involved connecting four 18650 cylindrical lithium-ion batteries in series. An ABS structure produced using a 3D printer was then filled with salt hydrate phase change material (PCM). The batteries were then tested in two separate systems: one containing PCM and one without. In the PCM-enhanced system, the maximum surface temperature did not exceed 46 °C during discharge at a constant current of 8 A, corresponding to a discharge rate of 2.85 C. In the PCM-free system, the maximum surface temperature reached 66.3 °C under the same discharge condition. This resulted in improved battery performance by reducing temperature rise and enhancing discharge behavior under high-rate operating conditions. Furthermore, using PCM increased the batteries’ energy output by 20% during discharge at a constant 2.85 C rate. Finally, a techno-economic and environmental analysis was conducted to assess the system’s suitability for micro-mobility applications with a 1 kWh capacity. The system reached the break-even point in 4 years and 2 months, indicating that it is economical and feasible.