Does water lead to inter-state conflicts or even wars in some cases? Or Can it be considered as a catalyst for regional peace? Since hydropolitics has emerged as a sub-field in the International Relations discipline, these two questions have become the main aims of the  many academic studies  in the literature. Whehter water leads to conflict or even wars or cooperation have also attracted media outlets. Regarding water leads to conflict or cooperation, the hydropolitics of the Euphrates and Tigris basin is one of the primary case studies to provide explanations for both questions. The main amis of this study are two-fold. First, the study will explain the main standpoints of both water wars and water peace arguments by giving examples from the Euphrates and Tigris basin as a case study. Second, this study aims to shed light the weak spots of both water conflict and water cooperation approaches. Drawing upon empirical evidence derived from the Euphrates and Tigris basin, this study argues that the following problems can be identified. First, both approaches mainly focus on inter-state conflict or cooperation between riparian states and they often disregard other levels of interactions and actors. Second, both approaches tend to portray water conflict and water cooperation as opposing ends. Furthermore, these studies consider there is a linear shift from water conflict to water cooperation.However, as the emprical evidence derived from teh Euphrates and Tigris basin suggests patterns of conflict and cooperation occur iteratively, and they often co-exist at different levels. Finally, these approaches often neglect power dynamics embedded in patterns of conflict and cooperation.