Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Uluslararası Mezopotamya Tarım Kongresi , Diyarbakır, Türkiye, 22 - 25 Eylül 2014, ss.1112
Rice is the staple food for a large portion of the
world’s population and the annual world rice production is more than 680
million tons. The primary waste product of the rice industry is rice bran, of
which approximately 76 million tons are produced every year and in developing
countries commonly used in animal feed or discarded as a waste. Rice bran
contains appreciable quantities of nutrients like protein, fat, and dietary
fiber. Furthermore, it contains substantial amount of minerals like K, Ca, Mg,
and Fe and antioxidants like tocopherols, tocotrienols, and γ –oryzanol. There
are two different kinds of rice bran available from the rice-processing
industry: rice bran and de-fatted rice bran. De-fatted rice bran is an
attractive feedstock for conversion into a variety of value-added products. One
of these value added products is ethanol. Bioethanol, the principal fuel used
as a conventional gasoline substitute for road transport is mainly produced by
the sugar fermentation process. De-fatted rice bran is suitable for producing
bioethanol because it contains many carbohydrates and cellulosic
polysaccharides, and the presence of a high amount of carbohydrate (39%
cellulose and 31% hemicellulose) and less lignin (4%). Current ethanol
production processes using crops are not recommended due to crisis of falling
global food stocks. Rice bran oil is also an important byproduct of the rice
industry. Rice bran oil is considered to be one of the most nutritious oils due
to its favorable fatty acid composition and unique combination of naturally
occurring biologically active antioxidant compounds. Rice bran oil offers
significant potential not only as a low-cost feedstock, but also as an
alternative for biodiesel production. It has also a significant amount of γ –oryzanol, which is a mixture of
ferulic acid esters of triterpene alcohols. These triterpene alcohols are now
widely used as active ingredient in healthy foods and as ferulic acid precursor
for the production of biovanillin. That
rice bran is valuable in terms of nutritional content and that nowadays
consumer preference trends to healthy foods, utilizing of rice bran in food
industry makes it more important.