A comprehensive review on the utilization and classification of AC electric springs in distribution networks
Electric Power Systems Research, cilt.260, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
- Cilt numarası: 260
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.epsr.2026.113357
- Dergi Adı: Electric Power Systems Research
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, Environment Index, INSPEC, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: AC distribution networks, Demand side management, Electric spring, Smart loads
- Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
The growing integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and the widespread adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) present substantial challenges to power distribution networks. Traditional power control paradigms are based on adjusting energy supply to meet load demand. However, this approach is insufficient due to the variable generation capacity of RES and the instantaneous high power demands of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging. Consequently, there is a growing need for load demand management strategies that adapt to available power supply. In this context, Electric Spring (ES) technology emerges as an innovative power electronics-based solution that enhances frequency and voltage stability by providing active and reactive power compensation. This study presents a detailed classification of ES block diagrams and explores their operational principles, control strategies, and applications within distribution networks. The main objective is to classify ES block diagrams from the first model to the latest versions by examining their evolution and to analyze which ES type is used to address specific problems in AC networks. This review emphasizes the importance of using and simulating current ES models. Studies on new ES models highlight that the deficiencies of earlier models have been addressed, and innovative solutions have been developed. Therefore, it is crucial for researchers to simulate these newly developed ESs on AC networks to assess their accuracy and evaluate their effects on the network, especially in the context of developing smart grids.