Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 2025 (SCI-Expanded)
In power systems, taking economic actions in accordance with the N-k criterion despite the failure of the components is becoming important in today's smart grid. In this context, developing strategies against load shedding during unexpected events plays a critical role in ensuring energy sustainability. In this article, a loop-in-loop model that includes a rolling horizon-based distributed coordination is established among the transmission system operator (TSO), distribution system operator (DSO), and an industrial parking region operator (IPRO) connected to the transmission network (TN) to address unexpected TN contingencies. The model minimizes the total operational costs for each operator while also minimizing load shedding in the distribution network during contingency situations by leveraging the dc fast discharge capacity of heavy-duty electric trucks (HDETs) with a high-capacity battery located in the industrial parking region. In addition, a contingency system operator (CSO) is introduced to manage contingency and optimally reward the discharge of HDETs through a pricing mechanism. Consequently, in the rolling horizon-based real-time contingency management, the proposed approach reduces the economic losses for the TSO and the amount of shedding load for the DSO compared with uncoordinated operations. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed strategy achieves up to 33.18% reduction in load shedding and 28.18% cost savings compared with the baseline scheme, confirming its effectiveness under contingency scenarios.