Bilayer Wound Dressing Based on Green-Synthesized ZnO-Reinforced 3D-Bioprinted Scaffolds and Electrospun PVA-Methotrexate Nanofibers
Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, cilt.311, sa.7, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 311 Sayı: 7
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1002/mame.70224
- Dergi Adı: Macromolecular Materials and Engineering
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Applied Science & Technology Source, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC, Directory of Open Access Journals, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biological Science Database (ProQuest), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: 3D printing, bilayer wound dressing, drug release kinetics, green synthesis, mechanical reinforcement, quantitative biocompatibility
- Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
The clinical management of complex surgical wounds requires a transition from passive barriers to multifunctional scaffolds that combine structural support with therapeutic action. This study reports a bilayer wound dressing integrating a green-synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO)-reinforced 3D-printed poly(lactic acid (PLA) framework with an electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) -methotrexate (MTX) nanofibrous layer. Unlike standalone electrospun mats, which often fail during handling, the 3D-printed backbone achieved a tensile strength of 34.1 ± 2.1 MPa and a Young's modulus of 2100 ± 145 MPa, providing a 6-fold increase in mechanical resilience compared to single-layer fibrous dressings. Morphological analysis confirmed seamless interlocking at the interface, while thermal evaluation showed stabilization of the PLA phase with a Tm shift to 173.6°C. Pharmacokinetic modeling confirmed a controlled non-Fickian diffusion mechanism (n = 0.58), enabling sustained MTX release and reducing the burst release often seen in conventional topical systems. Green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles imparted antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 15.26 and 18.23 mm against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity assays using L929 fibroblasts showed cell viability above 120% by day 14. These findings demonstrate that the proposed bilayer system offers a mechanically robust and therapeutically promising alternative to traditional wound care materials.