Sensitive determination of lead in an herbal tea matrix utilizing carbon doped CuO nanoparticles as solid phase adsorbent

Atakol M., Yildirim V., Özdoğan N., Şahin Ç., BAKIRDERE S.

Food Chemistry, vol.493, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 493
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.145951
  • Journal Name: Food Chemistry
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, Aerospace Database, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, EMBASE, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Metadex, Veterinary Science Database, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Keywords: C-doped CuO nanoparticles, Flame atomic absorption spectrometry preconcentration, Lead
  • Yıldız Technical University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

This study presents the development of an efficient solid-phase microextraction (SPME) strategy using C-doped CuO nanoparticles for the trace determination of lead by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The C-doped CuO nanoparticles were synthesized by the precipitation method. The morphological and structural properties of the nanoparticles have been investigated by XRD, SEM, and EDX analysis. A comprehensive optimization study was conducted to maximize the extraction efficiency by evaluating various experimental factors including buffer solution volume/type, mixing duration, sample volume, adsorbent quantity, and desorption solution volume/concentration. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), and the linear dynamic range were calculated as 0.011 mg/kg, 0.035 mg/kg, and 0.03–0.40 mg/kg, respectively. For the proposed SPME procedure, an enhancement factor of 82-fold was calculated by comparison of the detection sensitivity of the developed method with direct FAAS measurements.